Why the Axel Is So Hard: Common Challenges Young Skaters Face

Coach Janet explains the most demanding single jump in figure skating

One of the most common questions I hear from parents is: "Why is my skater stuck on the Axel when all the other jumps came so easily?”

The short answer is this: the Axel is different.

From a coaching standpoint, the Axel is often a plateau jump, meaning it typically takes longer to learn than previous single jumps. This is normal, expected, and an important phase in a skater’s long-term development.

Why the Axel Is Different

The Axel is the only jump that takes off facing forward, which automatically makes it more complex than other single jumps. Because of that forward takeoff, the skater must complete one and a half rotations in the air instead of one.

That extra half rotation affects:

• Timing

• Takeoff mechanics

• Air position

• Mental confidence

For many skaters, this is the first jump that truly challenges their coordination, strength, and body awareness all at once.

Common Problems Skaters Face When Learning the Axel

Fear of the Forward Takeoff

Taking off forward can feel uncomfortable and even scary at first. Many skaters hesitate right before the jump, which can cause popping the Axel, stepping onto the takeoff foot, or losing momentum.

Lack of Speed or Power

The Axel requires flow and commitment. Skaters who slow down before takeoff or don’t fully use their knee bend often struggle to get enough height and rotation.

Incomplete Rotation

Because the Axel includes an extra half turn, under-rotation is extremely common. This often shows up as two-foot landings, step-outs, or falls forward.

Timing Issues

The takeoff must happen at exactly the right moment on the forward edge. Jumping too early or too late can make the jump feel rushed or uncontrolled.

Inconsistent Air Position

Small breakdowns in air position—arms opening early, legs separating, or leaning forward—can prevent the skater from completing the rotation.

This is why coaches spend so much time reinforcing foundational skills.

Why the Back Scratch Spin and Loop Jump Matter

Two skills I rely on heavily when teaching the Axel are the back scratch spin and the loop jump. While they may seem simple, they are essential for developing the correct air position needed for a successful Axel.

The Back Scratch Spin

A strong back scratch spin teaches skaters how to:

• Stay tall and centered

• Pull arms in tightly

• Keep hips and shoulders aligned

• Control rotation speed

These are the exact same principles used in the Axel air position. When a skater struggles with their Axel, improving the back scratch spin is often one of the fastest ways to help them progress.

The Loop Jump

The loop jump reinforces:

• Tight air position

• Proper leg alignment

• Control of rotation

• Confidence jumping backward

Because the loop requires clean technique and balance, it directly supports the control needed for the more complex Axel takeoff and landing.

A Little History: Where the Axel Comes From

I also like to remind skaters and parents that this jump has a long history.

The Axel jump is named after Axel Paulsen, a Norwegian figure skater and speed skater who first performed the jump in competition in 1882. At the time, it was revolutionary—no one had ever attempted a jump that took off forward and rotated an extra half turn in the air,.........and he did it on speed skates!

Even by today’s standards, that forward takeoff makes the Axel unique and challenging. When you look at historic photos of Axel Paulsen skating outdoors on natural ice, it’s a great reminder that this jump has always been difficult.

Why the Axel Is a Plateau Jump

Many skaters learn their single jumps quickly and then suddenly feel stuck on the Axel for months—or longer.

That happens because the Axel demands:

• Strong fundamentals

• Better edge control

• Consistent air position

• Mental commitment

Even when progress isn’t obvious week to week, skills are still developing through spins, loop jumps, and off-ice training.

This plateau is not a setback — it’s a growth phase.

What Parents Should Know

If your skater is struggling with their Axel:

• It does not mean they lack ability

• It does not mean they are behind

• It does not mean they won’t get it

As coaches, we often spend extra time on basics during this stage—not to slow skaters down, but to build the foundation for every double jump that comes later.

Final Thoughts from Coach Janet

I often tell my skaters:

“If the Axel were easy, it wouldn’t be such an important milestone.”

The Axel challenges patience, confidence, and technique—but mastering it is a major accomplishment. With time, proper training, and strong fundamentals like the back scratch spin and loop jump, the Axel does come together.

And when it does, it’s worth every step, stumble, and fall along the way.